Saboda babu ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da ke bayyana maki ko aikace-aikacen carbide, masu amfani dole ne su dogara da nasu hukuncin da ainihin ilimin don samun nasara.#base
Yayin da kalmar ƙarfe "carbide grade" tana nufin musamman ga tungsten carbide (WC) wanda aka haɗa tare da cobalt, wannan kalmar tana da ma'ana mafi girma a cikin injina: simintin tungsten carbide a hade tare da sutura da sauran jiyya.Misali, juzu'i biyu da aka yi daga kayan carbide iri ɗaya amma tare da sutura daban-daban ko bayan jiyya ana ɗaukar maki daban-daban.Duk da haka, babu wani daidaituwa a cikin rarrabuwa na haɗin gwiwar carbide da sutura, don haka masu samar da kayan aiki daban-daban suna amfani da ƙididdiga daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin rarrabawa a cikin teburin su.Wannan na iya sa ya zama da wahala ga mai amfani na ƙarshe ya kwatanta maki, wanda matsala ce mai wahala musamman ganin cewa dacewa da ƙimar carbide don aikace-aikacen da aka bayar na iya tasiri sosai ga yiwuwar yanke yanayin da rayuwar kayan aiki.
Don kewaya wannan maze, masu amfani dole ne su fara fahimtar abin da aka yi carbide da kuma yadda kowane nau'i ya shafi bangarori daban-daban na injina.
A baya ne danda abu na yankan saka ko m kayan aiki a karkashin shafi da kuma bayan-jiyya.Yakan ƙunshi 80-95% WC.Don ba da tushe kayan kaddarorin da ake so, masana'antun kayan aiki suna ƙara abubuwa daban-daban na alloying zuwa gare shi.Babban abin da ake hadawa shine cobalt (Co).Maɗaukakin matakan cobalt yana ba da ƙarfi mafi girma da ƙananan matakan cobalt yana ƙaruwa.Abubuwan da ke da wuyar gaske na iya kaiwa 1800 HV kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalacewa, amma suna da rauni sosai kuma sun dace da yanayin barga kawai.Matsakaicin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana da taurin kusan 1300 HV.Wadannan substrates za a iya yin injina kawai a ƙananan saurin yankan, suna sawa da sauri, amma sun fi juriya ga yanke yankewa da yanayi mara kyau.
Daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin taurin da tauri shine mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci lokacin zabar allo don takamaiman aikace-aikacen.Zaɓin matsayi wanda yake da wuyar gaske zai iya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da yankan gefen ko ma rashin cin nasara.A lokaci guda, maki waɗanda suke da wuyar gaske suna lalacewa da sauri ko suna buƙatar rage saurin yankewa, wanda ke rage yawan aiki.Tebu 1 yana ba da wasu ƙa'idodi na asali don zaɓar duromita daidai:
Yawancin abubuwan shigar da carbide na zamani da kayan aikin carbide ana lulluɓe su da fim na bakin ciki (3 zuwa 20 microns ko 0.0001 zuwa 0.0007 inci).Rufin yakan ƙunshi nau'ikan carbon na titanium nitride, aluminum oxide da titanium nitride.Wannan shafi yana ƙara tauri kuma yana haifar da shinge na thermal tsakanin yankewa da ma'auni.
Ko da yake kawai ya sami shahara kusan shekaru goma da suka wuce, ƙara ƙarin magani bayan sutura ya zama ma'auni na masana'antu.Wadannan jiyya yawanci fashewar yashi ne ko wasu hanyoyin goge goge wanda ke santsin saman saman kuma yana rage juzu'i, wanda ke rage haɓakar zafi.Bambancin farashin yawanci ƙanana ne kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ana ba da shawarar fifita nau'ikan da aka bi da su.
Don zaɓar madaidaicin makin carbide don takamaiman aikace-aikacen, koma zuwa kasida na mai kaya ko gidan yanar gizo don umarni.Duk da yake babu ƙa'ida ta ƙasa da ƙasa, yawancin dillalai suna amfani da ginshiƙi don bayyana shawarwarin jeri na aiki don maki bisa "yanayin amfani" da aka bayyana azaman haɗin haruffa uku, kamar P05-P20.
Harafin farko yana nuna ƙungiyar kayan ISO.Kowane rukuni na kayan ana sanya wasiƙa da launi daidai.
Lambobin biyu na gaba suna wakiltar taurin dangi na maki daga 05 zuwa 45 a cikin haɓakar 5. 05 aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar matsayi mai wahala don kyawawan yanayi da kwanciyar hankali.Aikace-aikace 45 da ke buƙatar gawa mai tauri don yanayi mara kyau da rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Bugu da ƙari, babu wani ma'auni na waɗannan dabi'un, don haka yakamata a fassara su azaman ƙimar dangi a cikin takamaiman tebur ɗin da suka bayyana.Misali, maki masu alamar P10-P20 a cikin kasida biyu daga masu kaya daban-daban na iya samun taurin daban-daban.
Makin da aka yiwa alama P10-P20 a cikin tebur na juyi na iya samun taurin daban fiye da sa alama P10-P20 a cikin tebur ajin niƙa, ko da a cikin kasida ɗaya.Wannan bambance-bambancen ya gangara zuwa gaskiyar cewa yanayi masu kyau sun bambanta daga aikace-aikace zuwa aikace-aikace.Ana yin aikin jujjuyawa tare da maki masu wuyar gaske, amma lokacin da ake niƙa, yanayi masu kyau suna buƙatar ɗan ƙarfi saboda yanayin ɗan lokaci.
Tebu na 3 yana ba da tebur mai ƙima na gami da amfani da su wajen jujjuya ayyuka daban-daban, waɗanda za a iya jera su a cikin kasida na mai samar da kayan aiki.A cikin wannan misali, ana ba da shawarar aji A don duk yanayin juyi, amma ba don yanke yanke mai nauyi ba, yayin da ake ba da shawarar aji D don babban katsewar juyawa da sauran yanayi mara kyau.Kayan aiki irin su MachiningDoctor.com's Grades Finder na iya nemo maki ta amfani da wannan bayanin.
Kamar dai yadda babu wani ma'auni na hukuma don iyakar tambari, babu wani ma'auni a hukumance na sunaye.Koyaya, galibin manyan masu siyar da abubuwan saka carbide suna bin ƙa'idodin gabaɗaya don zayyana darajar su.Sunayen “Classic” suna cikin sigar haruffa shida BBSSNN, inda:
Bayanin da ke sama daidai ne a lokuta da yawa.Amma tun da wannan ba ma'aunin ISO/ANSI ba ne, wasu dillalai sun yi nasu gyare-gyare ga tsarin, kuma yana da kyau a san waɗannan canje-canje.
Fiye da kowane aikace-aikacen, gami suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen juya ayyuka.Saboda wannan, bayanin martaba da aka juya zai sami zaɓi mafi girma na maki yayin duba kundin kundin mai kaya.
Faɗin juzu'i na jujjuya maki shine sakamakon faɗuwar ayyukan juyawa.Duk abin da ya fada cikin wannan rukuni, daga ci gaba da yanke (inda ƙwanƙwasa yana cikin hulɗa da kullun tare da aikin aiki kuma baya fuskantar damuwa, amma yana haifar da zafi mai yawa) zuwa yanke yanke (wanda ke haifar da girgiza mai karfi).
Faɗin juzu'i na jujjuya maki kuma ya ƙunshi babban adadin diamita a samarwa, daga 1/8 ″ (3 mm) don injin nau'in Swiss zuwa 100 ″ don amfanin masana'antu masu nauyi.Saboda saurin yankan kuma ya dogara da diamita, ana buƙatar maki daban-daban waɗanda aka inganta don ƙananan sauri ko babba.
Manya-manyan kayayyaki galibi suna ba da jerin maki daban-daban na kowane rukunin kayan.A cikin kowane jeri, maki suna kewayo daga kayan aiki masu wuyar dacewa da injinan katsewa zuwa waɗanda suka dace da ci gaba da injina.
Lokacin da ake niƙa, kewayon maki da ake bayarwa ya fi ƙanƙanta.Saboda yanayin aikace-aikacen da ya fi zama ɗan lokaci, masu yankan suna buƙatar maki masu tauri tare da tauri mai girma.Saboda wannan dalili, suturar dole ne ya zama bakin ciki, in ba haka ba ba zai jure wa tasiri ba.
Yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki za su niƙa ƙungiyoyin kayan aiki daban-daban tare da tsayayyen goyan baya da sutura daban-daban.
Lokacin rabuwa ko tsagi, zaɓin sa yana iyakance saboda abubuwan saurin yanke.Wato, diamita ya zama ƙarami yayin da yanke ya kusanci tsakiyar.Don haka, saurin yankan yana raguwa a hankali.Lokacin yankan zuwa tsakiyar, saurin ƙarshe ya kai sifili a ƙarshen yanke, kuma aikin ya zama tsage maimakon yanke.
Sabili da haka, maki da aka yi amfani da su don rabuwa dole ne su kasance masu dacewa tare da nau'i mai yawa na saurin yanke, kuma dole ne substrate ya kasance mai ƙarfi don tsayayya da raguwa a ƙarshen aikin.
Rago mai zurfi ban da sauran nau'ikan.Saboda kamanceceniya da juyawa, dillalai tare da babban zaɓi na abubuwan da ake sakawa sau da yawa suna ba da mafi girma iri-iri na maki don wasu ƙungiyoyi da yanayi.
Lokacin da ake hakowa, saurin yankan da ke tsakiyar rawar ya kasance ko da yaushe sifili, kuma saurin yankan da ke gefen ya dogara da diamita na rawar sojan da saurin jujjuyawar sandar.Makin da aka inganta don babban saurin yankan ba su dace ba kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da su ba.Yawancin dillalai suna ba da nau'ikan 'yan kaɗan ne kawai.
Foda, sassa, da samfurori hanyoyi ne daban-daban da kamfanoni ke tura masana'anta.Carbide da kayan aiki sune yankuna daban-daban na nasara.
Ci gaba a cikin kayan aiki ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar yumbu mai ƙarewa wanda ke aiki da kyau a ƙananan saurin yankewa kuma yana gasa tare da ma'auni na carbide a cikin aikace-aikace masu yawa.Shagon ku na iya fara amfani da kayan aikin yumbu.
Yawancin shaguna suna yin kuskuren tunanin cewa kayan aikin ci-gaba sune toshe-da-wasa.Waɗannan kayan aikin na iya shiga cikin masu riƙe kayan aiki ko ma cikin niƙa ɗaya ko juya aljihu kamar abubuwan saka carbide, amma a nan ne kamannin ke ƙare.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 22-2023