Saboda babu ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da ke bayyana maki ko aikace-aikacen carbide, masu amfani dole ne su dogara da nasu hukuncin da ainihin ilimin don samun nasara.#base
Yayin da kalmar ƙarfe "carbide grade" tana nufin musamman tungsten carbide (WC) wanda aka haɗa tare da cobalt, kalmar tana da ma'ana mafi girma a cikin injina: simintin tungsten carbide a hade tare da sutura da sauran jiyya.Misali, juzu'i biyu da aka yi daga kayan carbide iri ɗaya amma tare da sutura daban-daban ko bayan jiyya ana ɗaukar maki daban-daban.Duk da haka, babu daidaituwa a cikin rarrabuwa na haɗin gwiwar carbide da sutura, don haka masu samar da kayan aikin yankan daban-daban suna amfani da ƙira daban-daban da hanyoyin rarrabawa a cikin tebur ɗin su.Wannan na iya sa ya zama da wahala ga mai amfani na ƙarshe ya kwatanta maki, al'amari mai rikitarwa musamman tunda dacewa da ƙimar carbide don aikace-aikacen da aka bayar na iya tasiri sosai ga yanayin yanke da rayuwar kayan aiki.
Don kewaya wannan maze, mai amfani dole ne ya fara fahimtar abin da aka yi da ƙimar carbide da yadda kowane nau'in ke shafar sassa daban-daban na injina.
A baya ne danda abu na yankan saka ko m kayan aiki a karkashin shafi da kuma bayan-jiyya.Yakan ƙunshi 80-95% WC.Don ba da substrate abubuwan da ake so, masana'antun kayan aiki suna ƙara abubuwa daban-daban na alloying zuwa gare shi.Babban abin da ake haɗawa da shi shine cobalt (Co) - mafi girman abun ciki na cobalt yana haifar da mafi girman ƙarfi, yayin da ƙananan abun ciki na cobalt yana ƙara taurin.Abubuwan da ke da wuyar gaske na iya kaiwa 1800 HV kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalacewa, amma suna da rauni sosai kuma sun dace da yanayin barga kawai.Matsakaicin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana da taurin kusan 1300 HV.Wadannan substrates za a iya yin injina kawai a ƙananan saurin yankan, suna sawa da sauri, amma sun fi juriya ga yanke yankewa da yanayi mara kyau.
Daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin taurin da tauri shine mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci lokacin zabar allo don takamaiman aikace-aikacen.Zaɓin darajar da ke da wuyar gaske zai iya haifar da ƙananan raguwa na yanke gefen ko ma rashin nasara.A lokaci guda, maki waɗanda suke da wuyar gaske suna lalacewa da sauri ko suna buƙatar rage saurin yankewa, wanda ke rage yawan aiki.Tebu 1 yana ba da wasu ƙa'idodi na asali don zaɓar duromita daidai:
Yawancin abubuwan shigar da carbide na zamani da kayan aikin carbide ana lulluɓe su da fim na bakin ciki (3 zuwa 20 microns ko 0.0001 zuwa 0.0007 inci).Rufin yakan ƙunshi yadudduka na titanium nitride, aluminum oxide da titanium carbonitride.Wannan shafi yana ƙara tauri kuma yana haifar da shinge na thermal tsakanin yankewa da ma'auni.
Ko da yake kawai ya sami shahara kusan shekaru goma da suka wuce, ƙara ƙarin magani bayan sutura ya zama ma'auni na masana'antu.Wadannan jiyya yawanci fashewar yashi ne ko wasu fasahohin goge goge wadanda ke sassauta saman saman da rage juzu'i, ta yadda za a rage samar da zafi.Bambancin farashin yawanci ƙanana ne kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ana ba da shawarar yin aiki bayan aiki don zaɓi iri-iri.
Don zaɓar madaidaicin makin carbide don takamaiman aikace-aikacen, koma zuwa kasida na mai kaya ko gidan yanar gizo don umarni.Duk da yake babu wani ƙa'ida ta ƙasa da ƙasa, yawancin dillalai suna amfani da ginshiƙi don bayyana shawarar kewayon aiki na maki dangane da “ikon” da aka bayyana azaman haɗin haruffa uku/lamba, kamar P05-P20.
Harafin farko yana nuna ƙungiyar kayan bisa ga ma'aunin ISO.Kowane rukuni na kayan ana sanya wasiƙa da launi daidai.
Lambobi biyu na gaba suna wakiltar matakin taurin dangi, kama daga 05 zuwa 45 a cikin haɓakar 5. 05 aikace-aikace na buƙatar matsayi mai wuyar gaske wanda ya dace da yanayi mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali.45 Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar matsayi mai tauri wanda ya dace da yanayi mai tsauri da rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Bugu da ƙari, babu wani ma'auni na waɗannan dabi'un, don haka yakamata a fassara su azaman ƙimar dangi a cikin takamaiman tebur ɗin da suka bayyana.Misali, maki mai alamar P10-P20 a cikin kasidu biyu daga masu kaya daban-daban na iya samun taurin daban-daban.
Ko da a cikin kasidar guda ɗaya, maki mai alamar P10-P20 a cikin tebur mai juyi na iya samun taurin daban fiye da sa alama P10-P20 a cikin tebur ɗin milling.Wannan bambance-bambance ya zo zuwa ga yanayi masu kyau daban-daban don aikace-aikace daban-daban.Ana yin aikin jujjuyawa tare da maki masu wuyar gaske, amma lokacin da ake niƙa, yanayi masu kyau suna buƙatar ɗan ƙarfi saboda yanayin ɗan lokaci.
Tebu na 3 yana ba da jadawalin hasashen gami da amfani da su a cikin hadaddun ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda za a iya jera su a cikin kundin kayan aikin yankan kayan aiki.A cikin wannan misali, ana ba da shawarar aji A don duk yanayin juyi, amma ba don yanke yanke mai nauyi ba, yayin da ake ba da shawarar aji D don babban katsewar juyawa da sauran yanayi mara kyau.Kayan aiki irin su MachiningDoctor.com's Grades Finder na iya nemo maki ta amfani da wannan bayanin.
Kamar yadda babu wani ma'auni na hukuma don iyakar aji, babu wani ma'auni na hukuma don tantance aji.Koyaya, galibin manyan masu siyar da abubuwan saka carbide suna bin ƙa'idodin gabaɗaya don zayyana darajar su.Sunayen “Classic” suna cikin sigar haruffa shida BBSSNN, inda:
Bayanin da ke sama daidai ne a lokuta da yawa.Amma tun da wannan ba ma'aunin ISO/ANSI ba ne, wasu dillalai suna yin nasu gyare-gyare ga tsarin, kuma yana da kyau a san waɗannan canje-canje.
Makiyoyi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen juyar da aikace-aikace fiye da kowane aikace-aikacen.Don haka, lokacin bincika kowane kasidar mai siyarwa, ɓangaren juyi zai sami zaɓi mafi girma na maki.
Wannan faffadan juzu'i na jujjuya maki shine sakamakon ayyuka masu yawa na juyawa.Wannan rukunin ya fito ne daga ci gaba da yanke (inda ƙwanƙwasa yana ci gaba da yin aiki tare da aikin aiki kuma ba a tasiri ba, amma yana haifar da zafi mai yawa) zuwa yanke yanke (inda tasiri mai karfi ya faru).
Hakanan ana haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan juzu'i daban-daban tare da diamita daban-daban a samarwa, daga 1/8 ″ (3mm) don injin nau'in swiss zuwa 100″ don amfanin masana'antu masu nauyi.Saboda saurin yankan kuma ya dogara da diamita, ana buƙatar maki daban-daban waɗanda aka inganta don ƙananan sauri ko babba.
Manyan masu samar da kayayyaki galibi suna ba da maki daban-daban na kowane rukunin kayan aiki.Maki a cikin kowane jerin kewayo daga kayan aiki masu wuya don yanke yankewa zuwa kayan wuya don ci gaba da yankewa.
Lokacin da ake niƙa, kewayon maki da ake bayarwa ya fi ƙanƙanta.Saboda yanayin ɗan lokaci na aikace-aikacen, kayan aikin niƙa suna buƙatar maki masu ƙarfi tare da juriya mai ƙarfi.Saboda wannan dalili, suturar dole ne ya zama bakin ciki, in ba haka ba ba zai jure wa tasiri ba.
Yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki za su niƙa ƙungiyoyin kayan aiki daban-daban tare da tsayayyen goyan baya da sutura daban-daban.
Lokacin rabuwa ko tsagi, zaɓin sa yana iyakance saboda abubuwan saurin yanke.Wato, diamita ya zama ƙarami yayin da yanke ya kusanci tsakiyar.Sabili da haka, an rage saurin yankewa a hankali.Lokacin yankan zuwa tsakiyar, saurin ƙarshe ya kai sifili a ƙarshen yanke, kuma aikin ya zama juzu'i maimakon yanke.
Don haka, ingancin rabuwar dole ne ya dace da nau'ikan saurin yankan, kuma dole ne substrate ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai don tsayayya da ƙarfi a ƙarshen aikin.
Rago mai zurfi ban da sauran nau'ikan.Saboda kamanceceniya da juyawa, masu ba da kaya tare da zaɓi mai faɗi na abubuwan sakawa sau da yawa suna ba da faffadan maki ga wasu ƙungiyoyi da yanayi.
Lokacin da ake hakowa, saurin yankan da ke tsakiyar rawar sojan ya kasance ko da yaushe sifili, yayin da saurin yankan a gefe ya dogara da diamita na rawar sojan da saurin jujjuyawar sandar.Makin da aka inganta don babban saurin yankan ba su dace ba kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da su ba.Yawancin dillalai suna ba da nau'ikan 'yan kaɗan ne kawai.
Yawancin shaguna suna yin kuskuren tunanin cewa kayan aikin ci-gaba sune toshe-da-wasa.Waɗannan kayan aikin za su iya shiga cikin masu riƙe kayan aiki har ma sun shiga cikin injin harsashi ɗaya ko juya aljihu kamar abubuwan saka carbide, amma a nan ne kamannin suka ƙare.
Foda, sassa, da samfurori hanyoyi ne daban-daban da kamfanoni ke tura masana'anta.Carbide da kayan aikin yanke sassa daban-daban na nasara.
Jerin atisaye na Ceratizit WTX-HFDS ya ceci OWSI mintuna 3.5 a kowane bangare a cikin hadaddun ayyuka da kuma kawar da ayyukan da ba su da mahimmanci gaba daya, yana kara samun riba.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-21-2023